Copper Pipes & Tubes are known for their proper combination of elements that have the ability to handle heat as well as electricity. The inherent low hardness, malleability, and ductility of Copper make it the most suited for applications such as tight bends, precise dimensions, and reliability. The copper pipes & tubes can be hot-rolled, cold-drawn, and forged, depending on requirements for accuracy in dimensions as well as the finish. Copper tubing in hard, half-hard, and soft annealed forms is most commonly used for applications in the electrical industry, HVACR, refrigeration, plumbing, and applications involving heat transfer.
The effectiveness of copper is demonstrated by its very low electrical resistance and high heat transport capabilities, making it one of the best conductors of pure materials at Room Temperature. Even when left in ambient conditions, copper is resistant to corrosion as it forms a thin layer of oxide that protects it from further damage. Specialized copper tubes are also capable of enhancing joint strength and reducing contact resistance. With its resistance to cracking, bendability with no seams, dimensional stability, and consistency in electrical conductivity, copper pipes and tubes retain their relevance as a reliable choice in industries regarding their efficiency and longevity.
Table of Contents
- Specifications of Copper Pipe & Tube
- Chemical Composition of Copper Pipes & Tubes
- Mechanical Properties of Copper Pipes & Tubes
- Equivalent Grades of Copper Pipes & Tubes
- Standard Copper Tube Sizes in Mm
- Copper Tubes Gauge Chart
- Price Chart of Copper Tubes
- Types of Copper Pipes & Tubes
- Manufacturing Process of Copper Pipes & Tubes
- Applications & Usage of Copper Pipes & Tubes
- Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Specifications of Copper Pipe & Tube
| Specification | Details |
| Outside Diameter | 4.00 to 54.00 mm |
| Thickness | 0.30 mm and above |
| Length | Up to 5 m (HH, H, QH); Up to 3 m (O) |
| Tempers | Hard (H), Half-hard (HH), Quarter Hard (QH), Soft Annealed (O) |
| Density | 8.9 gm/cc |
| Standards | ASTM B88 / B75 / B280 / B68, JIS H3300, BS 2871 / EN 1057, DIN 8905 / 1754, IS 2501, AS/NZS 1571 |
Chemical Composition of Copper Pipes & Tubes
| Element | Typical Composition |
| Copper (Cu) | ~99% |
| Phosphorus (P) | ~1% |
Mechanical Properties of Copper Pipes & Tubes
| Property | Typical Value / Range |
| Tensile Strength | 32,000 � 45,000 psi |
| Yield Strength (0.2% Offset) | 6,000 � 40,000 psi (depends on temper) |
| Elongation | ~30% (annealed) |
| Modulus of Elasticity (Tension) | 17 � 19.6 million psi |
| Modulus of Rigidity (Shear Modulus) | 6.8 � 7.3 million psi |
| Density | 8.9 g/cm� |
Equivalent Grades of Copper Pipes & Tubes
| UNS / ASTM Grade | ASTM Specification | EN / BS Grade | JIS Grade | DIN Grade | IS Grade |
| C10100 | ASTM B75 | EN CW004A | JIS C1010 | DIN E-Cu57 | IS 1897 Cu-ETP |
| C10200 | ASTM B75 | EN CW008A | JIS C1020 | DIN E-Cu58 | IS 1897 Cu-OFC |
| C11000 (ETP) | ASTM B75 / B88 | EN CW009A | JIS C1100 | DIN E-Cu58 | IS 2501 Cu-ETP |
| C12000 (DLP) | ASTM B75 | EN CW023A | JIS C1201 | DIN SF-Cu | IS 2501 |
| C12200 (DHP) | ASTM B88 / B280 | EN CW024A | JIS C1220 | DIN SF-Cu | IS 2501 Cu-DHP |
| C10300 | ASTM B75 | EN CW005A | JIS C1030 | DIN SE-Cu | IS 1897 |
| C10800 | ASTM B75 | EN CW016A | JIS C1080 | DIN OF-Cu | IS 1897 |
Standard Copper Tube Sizes in Mm
| O.D. (mm) | Table Y (Half Hard/Annealed) | Table X (Half Hard Light) | Table Z (Hard Drawn Thin) | |||
| Thickness (mm) | Max Pressure (N/mm�) | Thickness (mm) | Max Pressure (N/mm�) | Thickness (mm) | Max Pressure (N/mm�) | |
| 6 | 0.8 | 14.4 | 0.6 | 13.3 | 0.5 | 11.3 |
| 8 | 0.8 | 10.5 | 0.6 | 9.7 | 0.5 | 9.8 |
| 10 | 0.8 | 8.2 | 0.6 | 7.7 | 0.5 | 7.8 |
| 12 | 0.8 | 6.7 | 0.6 | 6.3 | 0.5 | 6.4 |
| 15 | 0.7 | 6.7 | 0.5 | 5.8 | � | � |
| 18 | 0.8 | 5.5 | 0.6 | 5.6 | � | � |
| 22 | 1.2 | 5.7 | 0.9 | 5.1 | 0.6 | 4.1 |
| 28 | 1.2 | 4.2 | 0.9 | 4.0 | 0.6 | 3.2 |
| 35 | 1.5 | 4.1 | 1.2 | 4.2 | 0.7 | 3.0 |
| 42 | 1.5 | 3.4 | 1.2 | 3.5 | 0.8 | 2.8 |
| 54 | 2.0 | 3.6 | 1.2 | 2.7 | 0.9 | 2.5 |
| 67 | 2.0 | 2.8 | 1.2 | 2.0 | � | � |
| 76.1/2 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 2.4 | 1.2 | 1.9 |
| 108 | 2.5 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 1.7 |
| 133 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.6 | � | � |
| 159 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.0 | � | � |
Copper Tubes Gauge Chart
| O.D. (inches) | Gauge (SWG) | Wall (inches) | Supplied Condition (Barg) | Annealed Condition (Barg) |
| 3/8” | 21 | 0.032 | 108 | 93 |
| 1/2” | 20 | 0.036 | 91 | 78 |
| 1/2” | 18 | 0.048 | 118 | 102 |
| 5/8” | 20 | 0.036 | 73 | 62 |
| 5/8” | 19 | 0.040 | 79 | 67 |
| 5/8” | 18 | 0.048 | 95 | 81 |
| 3/4” | 20 | 0.036 | 61 | 51 |
| 3/4” | 19 | 0.040 | 73 | 57 |
| 3/4” | 18 | 0.048 | 77 | 65 |
| 3/4” | 16 | 0.064 | 102 | 88 |
| 7/8” | 19 | 0.040 | 55 | 46 |
| 7/8” | 18 | 0.048 | 66 | 55 |
| 7/8” | 16 | 0.064 | 88 | 75 |
| 7/8” | 12 | 0.104 | 142 | 125 |
| 1 1/8” | 18 | 0.048 | 51 | 43 |
| 1 1/8” | 16 | 0.064 | 68 | 57 |
| 1 1/8” | 14 | 0.080 | 85 | 72 |
| 1 3/8” | 18 | 0.048 | 41 | 35 |
| 1 3/8” | 16 | 0.064 | 55 | 47 |
| 1 3/8” | 14 | 0.080 | 69 | 59 |
| 1 3/8” | 12 | 0.104 | 90 | 77 |
| 1 5/8” | 18 | 0.048 | 35 | 29 |
| 1 5/8” | 16 | 0.064 | 47 | 39 |
| 1 5/8” | 14 | 0.080 | 58 | 49 |
| 1 5/8” | 12 | 0.104 | 76 | 65 |
| 1 5/8” | 11 | 0.116 | 85 | 73 |
| 2 1/8” | 18 | 0.048 | 27 | 22 |
| 2 1/8” | 16 | 0.064 | 35 | 30 |
| 2 1/8” | 14 | 0.080 | 44 | 37 |
| 2 1/8” | 12 | 0.104 | 58 | 49 |
| 2 5/8” | 18 | 0.048 | 25 | 18 |
| 2 5/8” | 16 | 0.064 | 33 | 24 |
| 2 5/8” | 14 | 0.080 | 41 | 30 |
| 2 5/8” | 12 | 0.104 | 54 | 39 |
| 3 1/8” | 16 | 0.064 | 28 | 20 |
| 3 1/8” | 14 | 0.080 | 35 | 25 |
| 3 1/8” | 12 | 0.104 | 45 | 33 |
| 3 5/8” | 16 | 0.064 | 24 | 17 |
| 3 5/8” | 14 | 0.080 | 30 | 22 |
| 4 1/8” | 16 | 0.064 | 21 | 15 |
| 4 1/8” | 14 | 0.080 | 26 | 19 |
| 4 1/8” | 12 | 0.104 | 34 | 25 |
Price Chart of Copper Tubes
| Grade / Description | Outside Diameter (OD) | Wall Thickness | Inside Diameter (ID) | Price (USD) | Price (INR) |
| 101 Copper | 0.25" | 0.032" | 0.186" | $5.35 | 446.33 |
| Copper (Std) | 0.25" | 0.035" | 0.18" | $5.20 | 433.82 |
| 101 Copper | 0.375" | 0.032" | 0.311" | $5.72 | 477.20 |
| 122 Copper | 0.625" | 0.035" | 0.561" | $6.83 | 569.80 |
| 122 Copper | 0.5" | 0.035" | 0.43" | $7.99 | 666.58 |
| 122 Copper | 0.375" | 0.049" | 0.277" | $8.62 | 719.13 |
| 101 Copper | 0.5" | 0.035" | 0.43" | $8.05 | 671.58 |
| 122 Copper (12") | 0.1875" | 0.014" | � | $5.99 | 499.72 |
| 101 Copper | 0.3125" | 0.065" | 0.1825" | $8.13 | 678.26 |
| 122 Copper (12") | 0.0625" | 0.014" | � | $6.99 | 583.15 |
Types of Copper Pipes & Tubes
Copper Fin Tube
Copper Rectangular Tube
Copper Square Tube
Copper Tube Heat Exchanger
Eco Friendly Copper Tube
LWC Copper Tube
Medical Grade Copper Pipe
Polished Copper Pipe
Manufacturing Process of Copper Pipes & Tubes
Copper pipes and tubes are manufactured with high levels of metallurgical control and a complex forming process to provide unprecedented corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength, excellent thermal and electrical conductivity and long service life in a myriad of industrial, commercial and domestic applications.
- Raw Materials
The ingots or billets of copper are selected for high purity with minimum impurities. Addition of those elements like phosphorus (to DHP copper) or limited additions of silver or nickel (to special copper alloys) are strictly managed to obtain the preferred conductivity, corrosion resilience, and mechanical strength. - Melting & Refining
The copper is melted in electric furnaces under controlled atmospheres so as to inhibit oxidation. In the case of critical grades, one uses electrolytic refining or vacuum melting in order to eliminate the residual impurities, so as to obtain a uniform chemical composition and maximum mechanical properties. - Billet Preparation
The cast refined copper is then forged, rolled, or extruded to refine the grain, improve toughness, and provide uniform feedstock to make tubes or pipes. - Pipe Forming
Manufacture of seamless copper tubes is done by hot extrusion and subsequent cold drawing to get the required dimensions and a uniform wall thickness. In TIG welding or laser welding, copper sheets or coils are cut into welded copper pipes, which are so strong and free of defects that they can be used as plumbing, HVAC, and industrial piping. - Cold Working & Sizing
Cold drawing, rolling, and annealing operations increase dimensional precision, surface finish, and endow mechanical strength and retain malleability. - Heat Treatment & Annealing
To release internal stress, enhance ductility, and provide maximum resistance to corrosion, solution annealing and controlled cooling are done to ensure long-term service in diverse pressures and temperatures. - Testing & Quality Control
Before copper pipes are put into the market, they have gone through rigorous quality tests like dimensional tests, hydro test, eddy current tests and chemical tests to ensure the maintenance of the right standards of ASTM, EN, JIS and IS and ensuring they perform well in any of the anticipated markets
Applications & Usage of Copper Pipes & Tubes
Due to their excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, ductility and reliability, copper pipes and tubes are extensively employed in industries.
- HVAC & Refrigeration Systems
Copper tubes find extensive application in air-conditioning, refrigeration and heat pump systems, with the guarantee of efficient heat transfer and non-corrosive work. - Plumbing & Water Supply
Copper pipes are ideal for distributing potable water, hot/cold water systems, resistant to biofouling, corrosion and scaling and can therefore be used in residential, commercial and industrial plumbing. - Electrical & Electronics
Electrical equipment uses copper tubes in electrical conduits, bus bars, and cooling systems because of their great conductive properties and reliable characteristics. - Industrial Process Piping
Copper pipes are used in chemical plants, food and beverage production, and pharmaceutical systems, in which they can contain corrosive liquids and high-temperature fluids with no contamination or degradation. - Marine Applications and offshore
Seawater piping and desalination plant applications, as well as marine HVAC systems, are also preferred to be designed using copper tubes and copper-nickel alloys because of better saltwater corrosion and biofouling resistance. - Energy and power generation
Used in solar water heating, heat exchangers of power plants, where efficiency, corrosion resistance, and thermal stability are very important. - Specialty & Custom Applications
Fire sprinkler systems, compressed air systems, and industrial heat exchangers requiring long service life and reliability also utilize copper tubes
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Copper pipes and tubes are used in plumbing, HVAC, refrigeration, electrical conduits, heat exchangers, and industrial fluid systems due to their high corrosion resistance and excellent thermal and electrical conductivity.
The copper pipes are durable, corrosion-resistant, easy to install, have excellent thermal conductivity, and are safe for drinking water, making them ideal for residential, commercial, and industrial applications.
The Seamless copper tubes are made from a single solid billet and are stronger, used for high-pressure applications. Welded copper tubes are made by rolling and welding sheets, suitable for standard plumbing and general purposes.
Yes, copper pipes are safe for drinking water, resist corrosion, and do not release harmful chemicals, making them widely used in residential and commercial water supply systems.
Copper pipes can last 50+ years depending on water quality, installation practices, and environmental conditions. Proper maintenance and using the correct grade improve longevity.
Other types of Copper Pipe and Tube
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